How Osteoarthritis Affects Your Joints and How to Manage It

What Is Osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis is a common joint problem. It happens when the cartilage, which cushions your joints, wears down over time. Because of this, bones may rub together, causing pain and stiffness. Osteoarthritis often affects the knees, hips, hands, and spine. Many people call it “wear and tear” arthritis. However, it is more than just aging. Osteoarthritis can make daily tasks harder. For example, walking, climbing stairs, or opening jars may become painful. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), millions of adults worldwide have osteoarthritis. Early care can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Causes of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis develops for several reasons. While aging is a big factor, other causes play a role. Knowing these can help you lower your risk. For instance, injuries or repeated stress on a joint may speed up cartilage breakdown. In addition, some people have a family history of osteoarthritis. Here are common causes and risk factors:

Age: Risk increases as you get older.

Joint injuries: Past injuries, even from years ago, can lead to osteoarthritis.

Obesity: Extra weight puts more stress on joints, especially knees and hips.

Repeated joint use: Jobs or sports that stress joints may raise risk.

Genetics: Family history can make osteoarthritis more likely.

Bone problems: Some people are born with joint or cartilage issues.

Because these factors add up, it is important to protect your joints and stay active.

Symptoms of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis symptoms usually develop slowly. At first, you may notice mild joint pain. Over time, symptoms can get worse. Not everyone feels the same signs, but common osteoarthritis symptoms include:

Joint pain, especially after activity or at the end of the day

Stiffness, often in the morning or after resting

Swelling around the joint

Loss of flexibility or trouble moving the joint

A grating feeling or sound when moving the joint

Bone spurs, which are small lumps around the joint

Because symptoms can come and go, some days may feel better than others. If you notice joint pain or stiffness that does not go away, talk to your doctor. Early treatment can help slow the disease and ease discomfort.

Diagnosis of Osteoarthritis

Doctors use several steps to diagnose osteoarthritis. First, they ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they examine your joints for pain, swelling, or movement problems. In many cases, doctors use tests to confirm the diagnosis. These may include:

X-rays: Show bone changes and loss of joint space.

MRI scans: Give detailed images of cartilage and soft tissues.

Blood tests: Rule out other joint problems, like rheumatoid arthritis.

Joint fluid tests: Check for infection or other causes of pain.

Because osteoarthritis symptoms can look like other joint problems, these tests help doctors find the right cause. Early diagnosis means you can start treatment sooner and protect your joints.

If you have joint pain or think you may have osteoarthritis, consult an orthopedic specialist for personalized advice on osteoarthritis.